This article is part of a Special Issue “Estradiol and cognition”. Over the past 30 years,
research has demonstrated that estrogens not only are important for female reproduction …

The peak in incidence for schizophrenia is during late adolescence for both sexes, but within
this time frame the peak is both earlier and steeper for males. Additionally, women have a …

Chronic stress effects and sex differences were examined on conditioned fear extinction.
Male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were chronically stressed by restraint (6h/d/21d) …

Although generalization to conditioned stimuli is not a new phenomenon, renewed interest
in understanding its biological underpinning has stemmed from its association with a …

Estrogens rapidly affect dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the dorsal striatum (dSTR) and
DA-related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. How estrogens …

Cognitive processes mediated by the hippocampus and cortex are influenced by estradiol
(E2); however, the mechanisms by which E2 has these effects are not entirely clear. As such …

Electrolytic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFCX) were examined using fear
conditioning to assess the recall of fear extinction and performance in the Y-maze, open …

In previous studies using male rodents, context change disrupted a fear response at a short,
but not a long, retention interval. Here, we examined the effects of context changes on fear …

There are sex differences in the rates of many stress-sensitive psychological disorders such
as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala are …

Genome-wide association studies uncovered the association of ZNF804A (Zinc-finger
protein 804A) with schizophrenia (SZ). In vitro data have indicated that ZNF804A might exert …