Context. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft (S/C) is tracking comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
in close vicinity. This prolonged encounter enables studying the evolution of the volatile …

The composition of cometary ices provides key information on the chemical and physical
properties of the outer solar nebula where comets formed, 4.6 Gy ago. This chapter …

The volatile species released in the coma are an important clue to the composition of the
cometary nucleus ices. Their identification and the measurement of their abundances is …

From radio spectroscopic observations of comets, more than 22 molecules, radicals and
ions, plus several isotopologues, were detected, the majority of them being recently …

Deep inside dense molecular clouds and protostellar disks, interstellar ices are protected
from stellar energetic UV photons. However, X-rays and energetic cosmic rays can penetrate …

Multiple non-resonance fluorescence lines of water (H2O) were detected in Comet 153/P
Ikeya–Zhang (2002 C1) between UT 2002 March 21.9 (Rh= 0.51 AU) and April 13.9 (Rh …

We propose an interpretation of the composition of volatiles observed in comets based on
their trapping in the form of clathrate hydrates in the solar nebula. The formation of clathrates …

The Odin satellite, launched in February 2001, is equipped with a 1.1-m submillimetre
telescope. Odin was used to observe the 557GHz line of water with high spectral resolution …

The dominant reservoirs of elemental nitrogen in protoplanetary disks have not yet been
observationally identified. Likely candidates are HCN, NH 3, and N 2. The relative …

A high-dispersion spectrum of Comet C/1999S4 (LINEAR) was obtained in the optical region
with the high-dispersion spectrograph on the Subaru telescope when the comet was 0.863 …