▪ Abstract The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) 1–3 are serine/threonine protein kinases whose
activity is stimulated by the binding of active Rac and Cdc42 GTPases. Our understanding of …

Abstract PAKs, p21-activated kinases, play central roles and act as converging junctions for
discrete signals elicited on the cell surface and for a number of intracellular signaling …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, yet successful
treatment remains a clinical challenge. Ivermectin, a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug, has …

The pivotal role of kinases in signal transduction and cellular regulation has lent them
considerable appeal as pharmacological targets across a broad spectrum of cancers. p21 …

The network of actin filaments is one of the crucial cytoskeletal structures contributing to the
morphological framework of a cell and which participates in the dynamic regulation of …

The p21 activated kinases (Paks) are well known effector proteins for the Rho GTPases
Cdc42 and Rac. The Paks contain 6 members, which fall into 2 families of proteins. The first …

Transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell is caused by mutations in genes that
regulate proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. Small GTPases such as Ras, Rho, Rac and …

Rho GTPases are small proteins that act as binary molecular switches in a wide range of
signalling pathways upon stimulation of cell surface receptors. Three different classes of …

The serine/threonine kinase p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) controls the actin cytoskeletal
and ruffle formation through mechanisms that are independent of GTPase activity. Here we …

Some of the characteristics of cancer cells are high rates of cell proliferation, cell survival,
and the ability to invade surrounding tissue. The cytoskeleton has an essential role in these …