Background Individuals affected with autism often suffer additional co-morbidities such as
intellectual disability. The genes contributing to autism cluster on a relatively limited number …

Memory impairments are associated with many brain disorders such as autism, Alzheimer's
disease, and depression. Forming memories involves modifications of synaptic transmission …

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized mainly by social and sensory-
motor abnormal and repetitive behavior patterns. Over hundreds of genes and thousands of …

Neurons are permanent cells whose key feature is information transmission via chemical
and electrical signals. Therefore, a finely tuned homeostasis is necessary to maintain …

Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic compartment of a neuronal synapse and are critical for
synaptic connectivity and plasticity. A developmental precursor to dendritic spines, dendritic …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a broad range of neurobiological characteristics,
including alterations in dendritic spines, where approximately 90% of excitatory synapses …

Protocadherins (PCDHs) are cell adhesion molecules that regulate many essential
neurodevelopmental processes related to neuronal maturation, dendritic arbor formation …

Although it has been over 20 years since Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 2 (NCAM2) was
identified as the second member of the NCAM family with a high expression in the nervous …

In the development and differentiation of stem cells, mechanical forces associated with
filamentous actin (F-actin) play a crucial role. The present review aims to reveal the …

Studies have reported that different brain regions/connections possess distinct frequency
properties, which are related to brain function. Previous studies have proposed altered brain …