The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Calcium ions generate versatile intracellular signals that control key functions in all types of
neurons. Imaging calcium in neurons is particularly important because calcium signals exert …

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are powerful tools for systems
neuroscience. Here we describe red, single-wavelength GECIs,“RCaMPs,” engineered from …

GCaMP, one popular type of genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicator, has been associated with
various side-effects. Here we unveil the intrinsic problem prevailing over different versions …

Research in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has led to insights in neural development,
axon guidance, ion channel function, synaptic transmission, learning and memory, diurnal …

Antagonistic activities of glucagon and insulin control metabolism in mammals, and
disruption of this balance underlies diabetes pathogenesis. Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in …

The mushroom body is required for a variety of behaviors of Drosophila melanogaster.
Different types of intrinsic and extrinsic mushroom body neurons might underlie its functional …

▪ Abstract The past decade has produced an explosion of new information on the
development, neuroanatomy, and possible functions of the mushroom bodies. This review …

Genetically encoded probes show great promise in permitting functional imaging of
specified neuronal populations in the intact nervous system, yet their in vivo application has …

Fluorescence proteins (FPs) have been widely used for live-cell imaging in the past decade.
This review summarizes the recent advances in FP development and imaging technologies …