During the first few days of life, the foal, like other neonates, is in a state of transition from
intrauterine to extrauterine life; this includes adaptation from fetal to neonatal circulation …

Valvular disease is common in horses presented for cardiological investigation. 1 Typically
horses with valvular disease have murmurs of valvular regurgitation. The clinician's task is to …

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of body weight (BW), breed, and sex on
two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic measures, reference ranges, and prediction …

Growing concerns have been expressed regarding cardiovascular performance in modern
farm pigs, which has been proposed as a critical factor contributing to the reduced …

Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is a well-known negative prognostic factor in dogs with
myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Left atrial-to-aortic root ratio (LA/Ao) is the most …

Background The dynamic shape of the normal adult mitral annulus has been shown to be
important to mitral valve function. However, annular dynamics of the healthy mitral valve in …

Background Echocardiographic assessment of left atrial (LA) size and function in horses is
not standardized. Objectives The aim of this study was to establish reference intervals for …

Background Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) size and function using
area‐based indices and volumetric estimates is not well established in horses. Objective To …

Aortic regurgitation (AR) in horses can lead to left ventricular (LV) eccentric hypertrophy,
ventricular arrhythmia and heart failure. Objective quantification of the severity of …

Abstract Objectives The Bengal is a relatively new hybrid breed, reported to develop
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for …