Emotion plays a crucial role, both in general human experience and in psychiatric illnesses.
Despite the importance of emotion, the relative lack of objective methodologies to …

Highlights•Recurrent connectivity is anatomically and functionally prevalent in fly memory
circuits.•Sustained reverberant activity is necessary for memory consolidation.•Feedforward …

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-
level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body …

Associating stimuli with positive or negative reinforcement is essential for survival, but a
complete wiring diagram of a higher-order circuit supporting associative memory has not …

Understanding memory formation, storage and retrieval requires knowledge of the
underlying neuronal circuits. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) is the major site of …

Learned and adaptive behaviors rely on neural circuits that flexibly couple the same sensory
input to alternative output pathways. Here, we show that the Drosophila mushroom body …

To understand the brain, molecular details need to be overlaid onto neural wiring diagrams
so that synaptic mode, neuromodulation and critical signaling operations can be considered …

The Drosophila brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations,
yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have …

Although associative learning has been localized to specific brain areas in many animals,
identifying the underlying synaptic processes in vivo has been difficult. Here, we provide the …

Accurately predicting an outcome requires that animals learn supporting and conflicting
evidence from sequential experience. In mammals and invertebrates, learned fear …