Electromagnetic radiation, notably visible light (VL), has complicated effects on human skin,
particularly pigmentation, which have been largely overlooked. In this review, we discuss the …

Purpose Photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is a versatile technique for treating skin
diseases. Melasma, a chronic hyperpigmentation condition, has recently been associated …

Background Recent evidence suggests melasma to be a photoaging disorder. Triple
combination creams (TCC: fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4% and tretinoin …

Melasma is a challenging chronic skin condition associated with hyperpigmentation and
unknown aetiology. This scoping review maps evidence of available treatments and their …

Background Melasma is one of the most encountered dermatoses in dermatology and skin
care clinics. It is a challenging chronic, recurrent condition associated with …

Melasma is a common skin disorder of acquired hyperpigmentation that appears commonly
on the face. Although asymptomatic, melasma causes psychosocial and emotional distress …

The conventional use of medicinal plants is in part based on the widespread belief that plant
crude extracts are non-toxic. In South Africa, traditional preparations of Cassipourea …

Melasma is a chronic, acquired disorder of focal hypermelanosis that carries significant
psychosocial impact and is challenging for both the patient and the treating practitioner to …

Background Melasma is a common dyschromia, mainly found in women with darker skin
types. Although asymptomatic, melasma significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Due to …

The solar radiation has multiple sub-components of which the ultraviolet radiation is the
most potent and well-studied to cause cutaneous photocarcinogenesis. For a very long time …