Adenosine receptors (ARs) comprise a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) which
mediate the physiological actions of adenosine. To date, four AR subtypes have been …

Human health is under constant threat of a wide variety of dangers, both self and nonself.
The immune system is occupied with protecting the host against such dangers in order to …

Long considered merely a trophic and mechanical support to neurons, astrocytes have
progressively taken the center stage as their ability to react to acute and chronic …

Intra-and extracellular adenosine levels rise in response to physiological stimuli and with
metabolic/energetic perturbations, inflammatory challenge and tissue injury. Extracellular …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

Adenosine receptors modulate neuronal and synaptic function in a range of ways that may
make them relevant to the occurrence, development and treatment of brain ischemic …

This review summarizes recent developments that have contributed to understand how
adenosine receptors, particularly A2A receptors, modulate brain injury in various animal …

Purinergic transmission is one of the most ancient and widespread extracellular signalling
systems. In the brain, purinergic signalling plays a unique role in integrating neuronal and …

The brain immune system, which consists mainly of astrocytes, microglia and infiltrating
immune cells, is quiescent normally, but it is activated in response to pathophysiological …

There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), named A1, A2A, A2B and A3, all of
which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Locally produced adenosine is a …