Chitin is one the most abundant polymers in nature and interacts with both carbon and
nitrogen cycles. Processes controlling chitin degradation are summarized in reviews …

Proteolytic enzymes are ubiquitous in occurrence, being found in all living organisms, and
are essential for cell growth and differentiation. The extracellular proteases are of …

Simple Summary Fish meal (FM) is the primary ingredient of the farmed fish's diet. However,
the decline in wild fish catches, and the growing demand for aquaculture feed have resulted …

Microplastic litter is a pervasive pollutant present in aquatic systems across the globe. A
range of marine organisms have the capacity to ingest microplastics, resulting in adverse …

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the oceans is one of the largest pools of reduced carbon
on Earth, comparable in size to the atmospheric CO2 reservoir. A vast number of …

▪ Abstract Uncultured microorganisms comprise the majority of the planet's biological
diversity. Microorganisms represent two of the three domains of life and contain vast …

Recent progress in molecular microbial ecology has revealed that traditional culturing
methods fail to represent the scope of microbial diversity in nature, since only a small …

The degradation of plant cell walls by ruminants is of major economic importance in the
developed as well as developing world. Rumen fermentation is unique in that efficient plant …

The recognition that most microorganisms in the environment cannot be cultured by
standard methods stimulated the development of metagenomics, which is the genomic …

It is widely accepted that up to 99.8% of the microbes present in many environments are not
readily culturable.'Metagenome technology'tries to overcome this bottleneck by developing …