The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) comprises a monolayer of cells located between the
neuroretina and the choriocapillaries. The RPE serves several important functions in the …

The complement system is crucial for immune surveillance, providing the body's first line of
defence against pathogens. However, an imbalance in its regulators can lead to …

The significance of oxidative stress in the development of chronic neurodegenerative
diseases of the retina has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Reactive oxygen …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), situated upon Bruch's membrane, plays multiple roles
in the ocular system by interacting with photoreceptors and. Therefore, dysfunction of the …

Purpose: To summarize the recent literature describing the application of modern
technologies in the study of patients with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related …

Ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD), despite being distinct disease entities, share
numerous pathophysiological mechanisms such as those mediated by inflammation …

Vascular aging is an inevitable process with advancing age, which plays a crucial role in the
pathogenesis of cardiovascular and microvascular diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and …

The mechanisms that connect complement system activation and basal deposit formation in
early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are insufficiently understood, which …

Retinal injuries and diseases are major causes of human disability involving vision
impairment by the progressive and permanent loss of retinal neurons. During development …

Purpose: Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is associated with age-
related macular degeneration (AMD). Resveratrol exerts a range of protective biologic …