The clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has guided diagnosis and
treatment of patients with PH for several decades. Discoveries relating to underlying …

The nitric oxide (NO)–guanylate cyclase (GC)–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
pathway plays an important role in cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal function …

Beyond the interchangeability between end-diastolic PAWP and LVEDP, another common
question is whether measurements should be averaged over the respiratory cycle. The heart …

Evaluating left atrial pressure (LAP) solely from the left ventricular preload perspective is a
restrained approach. Accurate assessment of LAP is particularly relevant when pulmonary …

Background At the recent 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), the
definition of PH was redefined to include lower pulmonary artery pressures in the setting of …

(1) Introduction. Although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) usually affects young
people with a low cardiovascular risk profile, progressive epidemiologic changes have been …

A right heart catheterization with measurements of pulmonary artery wedge pressure
(PAWP) may be necessary for the diagnosis of left heart failure as a cause of pulmonary …

Preparation is the key to success. Even before entering the catheterization lab, the operator
should have a suspicion of what will be found on the hemodynamic evaluation. Do the …

BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a highly morbid disease
characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pathogenic right …

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is widely used to treat
medically refractory cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest, and its usage has increased …