In concert with neuropeptides and transmitters, the end products of the hypothalamus-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone …

The ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) mesolimbic circuit processes emotional,
motivational, and social reward associations together with their more demanding cognitive …

The forced swim test (FST) for rodents does not model despair or helplessness. It also is not
a read-out for depression, anxiety, psychomotor retardation or autism, because these are …

Abstract The “dorsal pons”, or “dorsal pontine tegmentum”(dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It
is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital …

Adrenal glucocorticoid hormones are crucial for maintenance of homeostasis and
adaptation to stress. They act via the mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid …

In this 30th anniversary issue review, we focus on the glucocorticoid modulation of limbic‐
prefrontocortical circuitry during stress‐coping. This action of the stress hormone is mediated …

Diverse neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) communicate with widespread brain
regions. Despite evidence linking them to a variety of homeostatic functions, it remains …

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) regulates life‐sustaining functions ranging from
appetite and digestion to heart rate and breathing. It is also the brain's primary sensory …

The parabrachial nucleus (PB) is a complex structure located at the junction of the midbrain
and hindbrain. Its neurons have diverse genetic profiles and influence a variety of …

New incretin-based pharmacotherapies provide efficient and safe therapeutic options to
curb appetite and produce weight loss in patients with obesity. Delivered systemically, these …