It has been known for many years that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a cell
surface enzyme involved in the regulation of blood pressure. More recently, it was proven …

New biomarkers of early and late graft dysfunction are needed in renal transplant to improve
management of complications and prolong graft survival. A wide range of potential …

Expressions of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) on immune and tissue resident cells are
the consequence of the cellular environment, which is highly variable. As discussed here …

Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and endothelin-1 receptor type A (ETAR) are G-protein-
coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on the surface of a great variety of cells: immune …

The major medical advances in our knowledge of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
system have allowed us to uncover several gaps in our understanding of alloimmunity …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, multisystem connective tissue, and autoimmune
disease with the highest case-specific mortality and complications among rheumatic …

Recognition of non‐self structures on donor cells represents the main immunological barrier
in solid organ transplantation. The human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are considered the most …

Introduction Autoantibody to angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R-Ab) has been recognized
as a non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody relevant in transplantation. Endothelin …

Background Lung histopathology demonstrates vasculopathy in a subset of deceased
COVID19 patients, which resembles histopathology observed in antibody-mediated lung …

COVID‑19 patients with severe infection have been observed to have elevated auto‑
antibodies (AAs) against angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and endothelin (ET) 1 …