The existence of mantle plumes was first proposed in the 1970s to explain intra-plate,
hotspot volcanism, yet owing to difficulties in resolving mantle upwellings with geophysical …

Earth's carbon, derived from planetesimals in the 1 AU region during accretion of the Solar
System, still retains similarities to carbon found in meteorites (Marty et al. 2013) even after …

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Fourth Edition discusses key topics dealing with the
evolution and interaction through time of Earth's crust, mantle, core, atmosphere …

The observation that many lavas associated with mantle plumes have higher 3He/4He ratios
than the upper convecting mantle underpins geophysical, geodynamic and geochemical …

The hydrogen-isotope [deuterium/hydrogen (D/H)] ratio of Earth can be used to constrain the
origin of its water. However, the most accessible reservoir, Earth's oceans, may no longer …

Abstract The short-lived 182 Hf-182 W isotope system (t 1/2= 9 Ma) left evidence in both
ancient and modern terrestrial rock record of processes that took place during the earliest …

Resolving the modes of mantle convection through Earth history, ie when plate tectonics
started and what kind of mantle dynamics reigned before, is essential to the understanding …

Continental basalts generally display enrichment of fluid-mobile elements and depletion of
high-field-strength elements, similar to those that evolved in the subduction environment, but …

The oxygen fugacities of nine mantle-derived komatiitic and picritic systems ranging in age
from 3.55 Ga to modern day were determined using the redox-sensitive partitioning of V …

The magmatic activity (0–16 Ma) in Iceland is linked to a deep mantle plume that has been
active for the past 62 My. Icelandic and northeast Atlantic basalts contain variable …