Mendelian randomization (MR) is increasingly used to make causal inferences in a wide
range of fields, from drug development to etiologic studies. Causal inference in MR is …

INTRODUCTION Coral reefs worldwide are suffering losses at an alarming rate as a result of
anthropogenic climate change. Increased seawater temperatures, even only slightly above …

In sexual reproduction, opportunities are limited and the stakes are high. This inevitably
leads to conflict. One pervasive conflict occurs within genomes between alternative alleles at …

Meiosis is a potentially important source of germline mutations, as sites of meiotic
recombination experience recurrent double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, evidence for a …

While much effort has focused on detecting positive and negative directional selection in the
human genome, relatively little work has been devoted to balancing selection. This lack of …

A number of open questions in human evolutionary genetics would become tractable if we
were able to directly measure evolutionary fitness. As a step towards this goal, we …

The effects of inbreeding on human health depend critically on the number and severity of
recessive, deleterious mutations carried by individuals. In humans, existing estimates of …

The need in cancer research or evolutionary biology to detect rare mutations or variants
present at very low frequencies (< 10− 5) poses an increasing demand on lowering the …

Despite critical roles in chromosome segregation and disease, the repetitive structure and
vast size of centromeres and their surrounding heterochromatic regions impede studies of …

Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) occurs when one of the two alleles from either parent is
preferentially transmitted to the offspring. This leads to a statistical departure from the …