Knocking combustion research is crucially important because it determines engine
durability, fuel consumption, and power density, as well as noise and emission performance …

Internal combustion engines are now extremely optimized, in such ways improving their
performance is a costly task. Traditional engine improvement by experimental means is …

Despite extensive research into alternative methods, the internal combustion engine is
expected to remain as the primary source of vehicular propulsion for the foreseeable future …

Small internal combustion engines (ICEs) with displacements< 100 cm 3 have greater
surface area-to-volume ratios that promote heat transfer through the combustion chamber …

2. Background Transport systems have been described as the blood system of society [1].
Together with energy, transport is a key driver of our economy and way of life. There is …

Carbon dioxide emission reduction is the most important challenge concerning on the road
transportation. Stringent quantitative commitments have been set, both for automotive and …

Ammonia-diesel dual-fuel combustion mode is one of the potential ways to achieve lower
carbon emissions in compression ignition engines. In this work, the effects of ammonia …

In the recent past engine knock emerged as one of the main limiting aspects for the
achievement of higher efficiency targets in modern spark-ignition (SI) engines. To attain …

Ever tighter restrictions on pollutant emissions, energy security and a continuous drive for
improving fuel economy have extended the range of application for direct injection in spark …

The detailed study of part-load conditions is essential to characterize engine-out emissions
in key operating conditions. The relevance of part-load operations is further emphasized by …