Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes
whereas deregulated ROS leads to the development of a diseased state in humans …

Abstract p53 functions as a transcription factor involved in cell-cycle control, DNA repair,
apoptosis and cellular stress responses. However, besides inducing cell growth arrest and …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Intense interest in the'Warburg effect'has been revived by the discovery that hypoxia-
inducible factor 1 (HIF1) reprogrammes pyruvate oxidation to lactic acid conversion; lactic …

The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are a family of proton pumps that couple ATP hydrolysis
to proton transport into intracellular compartments and across the plasma membrane. They …

Cellular metabolism influences life and death decisions. An emerging theme in cancer
biology is that metabolic regulation is intricately linked to cancer progression. In part, this is …

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that have attracted considerable attention
in recent years. Owing to their distinct circular structure, circRNAs are stable in cells …

Macroautophagy (autophagy herein) is a cellular stress response and a survival pathway
that is responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins, protein aggregates, as well as …

Acidic pH is an important feature of tumor microenvironment and a major determinant of
tumor progression. We reported that cancer cells upregulate autophagy as a survival …

Although cancer is characterized by an intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, a totally
deranged pH control is a common feature of most cancer histotypes. Major determinants of …