The observation that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with elevated
circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines opened a new area of research that has …

The immune system plays a pivotal role in the initiation, development and resolution of
inflammation following insult or damage to organs. The heart is a vital organ which supplies …

Resident macrophages orchestrate homeostatic, inflammatory, and reparative activities. It is
appreciated that different tissues instruct specialized macrophage functions. However …

Myocardial infarction (MI), as a result of thrombosis or vascular occlusion, is the most
prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality among all cardiovascular diseases. The …

Early atherosclerosis depends upon responses by immune cells resident in the intimal aortic
wall. Specifically, the healthy intima is thought to be populated by vascular dendritic cells …

For more than 50 years, evidence has accumulated that inflammation contributes to the
pathogenesis of hypertension. Immune cells have been observed in vessels and kidneys of …

Biological sex differences refer to differences between males and females caused by the sex
chromosome complement (that is, XY or XX), reproductive tissues (that is, the presence of …

Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) play important roles in normal skin wound healing,
and dysregulation of wound Mo/Mϕ leads to impaired wound healing in diabetes. Although …

Cardiac macrophages are essential mediators of cardiac development, tissue homeostasis,
and response to injury. Cell-intrinsic shifts in metabolism and availability of metabolites …

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by a progressive decline in cardiac function and
represents one of the largest health burdens worldwide. Clinically, 2 major types of HF are …