In the coming years and decades, advanced space-and ground-based observatories will
allow an unprecedented opportunity to probe the atmospheres and surfaces of potentially …

Rocky planets are common around other stars, but their atmospheric properties remain
largely unconstrained. Thanks to a wealth of recent planet discoveries and upcoming …

Earth has had oceans for nearly four billion years and Mars had lakes and rivers 3.5–3.8
billion years ago. However, it is still unknown whether water has ever condensed on the …

One aim of modern astronomy is to detect temperate, Earth-like exoplanets that are well
suited for atmospheric characterization. Recently, three Earth-sized planets were detected …

At a distance of 1.295 parsecs, the red dwarf Proxima Centauri (α Centauri C, GL 551, HIP
70890 or simply Proxima) is the Sun's closest stellar neighbour and one of the best-studied …

Context. The TRAPPIST-1 system hosts seven Earth-sized, temperate exoplanets orbiting an
ultra-cool dwarf star. As such, it represents a remarkable setting to study the formation and …

The search for life in the Universe is a fundamental problem of astrobiology and modern
science. The current progress in the detection of terrestrial-type exoplanets has opened a …

Seven temperate Earth-sized exoplanets readily amenable for atmospheric studies transit
the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 (refs,). Their atmospheric regime is unknown …

Radial velocity monitoring has found the signature of a Msini= 1.3M⊕ planet located within
the habitable zone (HZ) of Proxima Centauri. Despite a hotter past and an active host star …

The TRAPPIST-1 planetary system provides an unprecedented opportunity to study
terrestrial exoplanet evolution with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and ground …