The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

This review is focused on purinergic neurotransmission, ie, ATP released from nerves as a
transmitter or cotransmitter to act as an extracellular signaling molecule on both pre-and …

Adenosine has several functions within the CNS that involve an inhibitory tone of
neurotransmission and neuroprotective actions in pathological conditions. The …

INTRODUCTION During development, brain circuits go through phases of synapse
formation, stabilization, or elimination. γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) synapse …

Activity-dependent release of ATP from synapses, axons and glia activates purinergic
membrane receptors that modulate intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP. This enables glia to …

ATP is released in an activity-dependent manner from different cell types in the brain,
fulfilling different roles as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, in astrocyte-to-neuron …

Purinergic neurotransmission, involving release of ATP as an efferent neurotransmitter was
first proposed in 1972. Later, ATP was recognised as a cotransmitter in peripheral nerves …

A. Cellular and Subcellular Localization B. Pharmacological Tools to Study Adenosine
Receptors C. Signaling Via Adenosine Receptors D. Regulation of Receptor Expression and …

Myelination by oligodendrocytes is a highly specialized process that relies on intimate
interactions between the axon and the oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes have an important part …

Adenosine exerts two parallel modulatory roles in the CNS, acting as a homeostatic
modulator and also as a neuromodulator at the synaptic level. We will present evidence to …