Main conclusion This article provides an up-to-date review concerning from basic issues of
polyploidy to aspects regarding the relevance and role of both natural and artificial …

Polyploidy, or whole genome multiplication, is ubiquitous among angiosperms. Many crop
species are relatively recent allopolyploids, resulting from interspecific hybridization and …

Investigators have long searched for a polyploidy paradigm—rules or principles that might
be common following polyploidization (whole‐genome duplication, WGD). Here we attempt …

Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigour, is widespread in plants and animals, but the
molecular bases for this phenomenon remain elusive. Recent studies in hybrids and …

Ancient tetraploidies are found throughout the eukaryotes. After duplication, one copy of
each duplicate gene pair tends to be lost (fractionate). For all studied tetraploidies, the loss …

Polyploidy, the condition of possessing more than two complete genomes in a cell, has
intrigued biologists for almost a century. Polyploidy is found in many plants and some animal …

Hybrids such as maize (Zea mays) or domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) grow bigger and
stronger than their parents. This is also true for allopolyploids such as wheat (Triticum spp.) …

Polyploidy, or whole-genome duplication (WGD), is an important genomic feature for all
eukaryotes, especially many plants and some animals. The common occurrence of …

Polyploidy has long been recognized as a prominent force shaping the evolution of
eukaryotes, especially flowering plants. New phenotypes often arise with polyploid formation …

Enormous strides have been made in the study of polyploidy over the last 20 yr. Here, we
highlight some of these discoveries and note where our understanding of polyploid …