Basal or standard metabolic rate reflects the minimum amount of energy required to
maintain body processes, while the maximum metabolic rate sets the ceiling for aerobic …

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of metabolism of a resting, postabsorptive, non-
reproductive, adult bird or mammal, measured during the inactive circadian phase at a …

The influence of seasonal changes in temperature and climate on metabolic rates in birds
has been a topic of interest to ornithologists and ecophysiologists for decades (eg, Hart …

As ecosystems undergo global changes, there is increasing interest in understanding how
organisms respond to changing environments. Recent evidence drawn from available …

Along with reproduction, balancing energy expenditure with the limits of resource acquisition
is essential for both a species and a population to survive. But energy is a limited resource …

Under climate change, increasing air temperature average and variability pose substantial
thermal challenges to animals. While plasticity in thermoregulatory traits could potentially …

Phenotypic plasticity is traditionally defined as the capacity of a given genotype to render
alternative phenotypes under different environmental conditions. Some studies focus on the …

The rates at which birds use energy may have profound effects on fitness, thereby
influencing physiology, behavior, ecology and evolution. Comparisons of standardized …

Environmental temperature varies spatially and temporally, affecting many aspects of an
organism's biology. In ectotherms, variation in environmental temperature can cause parallel …

Intraspecific variation in avian thermoregulatory responses to heat stress has received little
attention, despite increasing evidence that endothermic animals show considerable …