The epithelial cell–derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and IL-25
are central regulators of type 2 immunity, which drives a broad array of allergic responses …

The cytokines of the interleukin 17 (IL-17) family play a central role in the control of
infections, especially extracellular fungi. Conversely, if unrestrained, these inflammatory …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for immune escape by tumor cells. It plays
essential roles in tumor development and metastasis. The clinical outcomes of tumors are …

The initiation of type 2 immune responses by the epithelial cell–derived cytokines IL-25, IL-
33 and TSLP has been an area of extensive research in the past decade. Such studies have …

IL-25, also known as IL-17E, is a unique cytokine of the IL-17 family. Indeed, IL-25
exclusively was shown to strongly induce expression of the cytokines associated with type 2 …

Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity and is
thought to be mediated by an adaptive T helper‐2 (T h2) cell‐type immune resp‐onse. Here …

Asthma is a very complex and heterogeneous disease that is characterized by airway
inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR). The pathogenesis of asthma is associated …

Airway remodeling encompasses the structural alterations in asthmatic compared with
normal airways. Airway remodeling in asthmatic patients involves a wide array of …

Recently, the IL-17 family member cytokines have become prominent subjects of
investigation. IL-17 (IL-17A) is the best-described member of this family where its production …

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (NPs) in Western populations is
associated with TH 2 cytokine polarization. IL-25, an IL-17 family cytokine, was recently …