Neurons that synthesize and release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) express a core
set of genes that establish and maintain this neurotransmitter phenotype and distinguish …

Research has elucidated causal links between stress exposure and the development of
anxiety disorders, but due to the limited use of female or sex-comparative animal models …

Negative social experiences during adolescence are central features for several stress-
related mental illnesses. Social play fighting behavior in rats peaks during early …

The median (MR) and dorsal raphe (DR) nuclei contain the majority of the 5-
hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) neurons that project to limbic forebrain regions, are …

Depressed suicide patients have elevated expression of neuronal tryptophan hydroxylase 2
(TPH2) mRNA and protein in midbrain serotonergic neurons, as well as increases in brain …

Rationale Dysfunction of serotonergic systems is thought to play an important role in a
number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggest that there is …

Previous studies have suggested that serotonergic neurons in the midbrain raphe complex
have a functional topographic organization. Recent studies suggest that stimulation of a bed …

The elevated T-maze (ETM) was developed to test the hypothesis that serotonin (5-HT)
plays an opposing role in the regulation of defensive behaviors associated with anxiety and …

Over 20 years ago, Deakin and Graeff hypothesized about the role of different serotonergic
pathways in controlling the behavioral and physiologic responses to aversive stimuli, and …

The present review covers two independent approaches, a neuroanatomical and a
pharmacological (focused on serotonergic transmission), which converge in highlighting the …