Current and future use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in infectious, immune, neoplastic, and neurological diseases: a mini-review

D Plantone, T Koudriavtseva - Clinical drug investigation, 2018 - Springer
The process of finding new therapeutic indications for currently used drugs, defined as
'repurposing', is receiving growing attention. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, with an …

Residual immune dysregulation syndrome in treated HIV infection

MM Lederman, NT Funderburg, RP Sekaly… - Advances in …, 2013 - Elsevier
Antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized the course of HIV infection, improving immune
function and decreasing dramatically the mortality and morbidity due to the opportunistic …

HIV as a cause of immune activation and immunosenescence

T Sokoya, HC Steel, M Nieuwoudt… - Mediators of …, 2017 - Wiley Online Library
Systemic immune activation has emerged as an essential component of the
immunopathogenesis of HIV. It not only leads to faster disease progression, but also to …

Immunologic failure despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy is related to activation and turnover of memory CD4 cells

MM Lederman, L Calabrese… - Journal of Infectious …, 2011 - academic.oup.com
Background. Failure to normalize CD4+ T-cell numbers despite effective antiretroviral
therapy is an important problem in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods …

Immune reconstitution under antiretroviral therapy: the new challenge in HIV-1 infection

P Corbeau, J Reynes - Blood, The Journal of the American …, 2011 - ashpublications.org
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy has enabled constant progress in reducing HIV-
1 replication, in some patients who are “aviremic” during treatment, the problem of …

The Absence of CD4+ T Cell Count Recovery Despite Receipt of Virologically Suppressive Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Clinical Risk, Immunological Gaps …

L Gazzola, C Tincati, GM Bellistré… - Clinical Infectious …, 2009 - academic.oup.com
Up to 30% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients who are receiving long-
term highly active antiretroviral therapy do not exhibit a marked increase in the CD4+ T cell …

Hydroxychloroquine drastically reduces immune activation in HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy–treated immunologic nonresponders

S Piconi, S Parisotto, G Rizzardini… - Blood, The Journal …, 2011 - ashpublications.org
Despite optimal suppression of HIV replication, restoration of CD4+ T cells is not always
achieved in antiretroviral therapy–treated individuals. Defective CD4 recovery in …

CD4 cell counts of 800 cells/mm3 or greater after 7 years of highly active antiretroviral therapy are feasible in most patients starting with 350 cells/mm3 or greater

L Gras, AM Kesselring, JT Griffin… - JAIDS Journal of …, 2007 - journals.lww.com
Objective: CD4 cell count changes in therapy-naive patients were investigated during 7
years of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in an observational cohort. Methods …

Nadir CD4 T cell count as predictor and high CD4 T cell intrinsic apoptosis as final mechanism of poor CD4 T cell recovery in virologically suppressed HIV-infected …

E Negredo, M Massanella, J Puig… - Clinical infectious …, 2010 - academic.oup.com
Background. Although antiretroviral therapy improves immune response, some human
immunodeficiency virus-infected patients present unsatisfactory CD4 T cell recovery despite …

Reduced thymic output is a major mechanism of immune reconstitution failure in HIV-infected patients after long-term antiretroviral therapy

T Li, N Wu, Y Dai, Z Qiu, Y Han, J Xie… - Clinical Infectious …, 2011 - academic.oup.com
Background. Approximately 20% of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)--infected
adults do not normalize their CD4+ T lymphocytes after long-term effective highly active …