South Africa is currently experiencing an energy crisis because of a mismatch between
energy supply and demand. Increasing energy demand necessitates the adequate …

Ever-increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power grids,
alongside their numerous benefits, brings new challenges that call for enhanced solutions in …

Unconventional fault currents of inverter-based resources (IBRs) can adversely impact
distance relays. Despite extensive investigation in the literature, the available studies on this …

The performance of a distance relay can be significantly affected by various uncontrolled
factors such as fault resistance, fault type, fault location and noise. Moreover, when …

Increasing renewable penetration and grid modernization initiatives are having a significant
impact on the operating and fault characteristics of distribution systems. As a result …

Typical fault current characteristics of converter interfaced renewable power plants have
significant impact on the reliability of traditional line distance protection. Large degrees of …

This review paper studies the literature on protection technologies for power systems near
inverter-based resources (IBRs) toward identifying the maturity levels of emerging solutions …

This article discusses fundamental issues associated with the functional reliability of
selected fire alarm systems (FASs) in operation during building fires. FASs operate under …

Growing penetration of converter-interfaced renewable energy sources with numerous
control operations results in non-homogeneous fault characteristics in the network. Distance …

In light of the challenges faced by existing protection methods when battery energy storage
station (BESS) and various nonideal conditions emerge, enhanced Kullback–Leibler …