Crop production stands as a pivotal pillar of global food security, but its sustainability faces
complex challenges from plant diseases, which pose a substantial threat to agricultural …

Since the beginning of the satellite era, Southern Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs)
have cooled, despite global warming. While observed Southern Ocean cooling has …

The magnitude of global warming is controlled by climate feedbacks associated with various
aspects of the climate system, such as clouds. The global climate feedback is the net effect …

Excessive precipitation over the southeastern tropical Pacific is a major common bias that
persists through generations of global climate models. While recent studies suggest an …

Global warming drives changes in Earth's cloud cover, which, in turn, may amplify or
dampen climate change. This “cloud feedback” is the single most important cause of …

As the atmosphere warms, part of the cloud population shifts from ice and mixed-phase
('cold') to liquid ('warm') clouds. Because warm clouds are more reflective and longer-lived …

Shallow cumulus clouds in the trade-wind regions cool the planet by reflecting solar
radiation. The response of trade cumulus clouds to climate change is a key uncertainty in …

How clouds respond to anthropogenic sulfate aerosols is one of the largest sources of
uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate over the industrial era. This uncertainty limits …

Observing the Earth radiation budget (ERB) from satellites is crucial for monitoring and
understanding Earth's climate. One of the major challenges for ERB observations …

Abstract The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) simulates a high
equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS> 5° C) and a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that is …