Microbes have evolved over millennia to become adapted and specialized to the
environments that they occupy. These environments may include water or soil, extreme …

C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is best known as a potent soluble inhibitor of the classical and
lectin pathways of the complement system. This large 500 kDa multimeric plasma …

The complement system plays a pivotal protective role in the innate immune response to
many pathogens including flaviviruses. Flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted …

Activation of the complement system and resulting opsonisation with C3b are key events of
the innate immune defense against infections. However, a wide variety of bacterial …

As more original molecular protocols and subsequent modifications are described in the
literature, it has become difficult for those not directly involved in the development of these …

The human complement system is elemental to recognize bacteria, opsonize them for
handling by phagocytes, or kill them by direct lysis. However, successful bacterial pathogens …

Secretion of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) is an intriguing phenomenon of Gram-negative
bacteria and has been suggested to play a role as virulence factors. The respiratory …

Moraxella catarrhalis causes respiratory tract infections in children and in adults with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease. It is often isolated as a copathogen with Haemophilus …

Moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging human respiratory pathogen in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in children with acute otitis media. The specific …

Gram-negative bacteria have the ability to produce outer membrane-derived vesicles
(OMVs) that are released into the extracellular milieu. Even though this intriguing …