Hyponatremia is a serious, but often overlooked, electrolyte imbalance that has been
independently associated with a wide range of deleterious changes involving many different …

Hyponatremia is defined as a decrease in the serum sodium concentration to a level below
136 mmol per liter. Whereas hypernatremia always denotes hypertonicity, hyponatremia can …

Importance Few high-quality studies have clarified whether hypertonic saline is best
administered as slow continuous infusion (SCI) therapy or rapid intermittent bolus (RIB) …

Although hyponatremia is a common, usually mild, and relatively asymptomatic disorder of
electrolytes, acute severe hyponatremia can cause substantial morbidity and mortality …

Disorders of body fluids are among the most commonly encountered problems in the
practice of clinical medicine. This is in large part because many different disease states can …

Background In clinical practice, sodium correction rates are frequently limited in patients with
severe hyponatremia to prevent neurologic complications. The implications of correction …

Patients with severe (serum sodium≤ 120 mEq/L), symptomatic hyponatremia can develop
life-threatening or fatal complications from cerebral edema if treatment is inadequate and …

Background Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), which embraces central pontine
myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinosis (EPM), is often underdiagnosed in clinical …

Results Mortality rates tended to increase as the sNa fell from 134 to 120 mEq/L, rising
above 10% for patients with sNa of 120 to 124 mEq/L. However, below sNa of 120 mEq/L …

Purpose. The treatment of electrolyte disorders in adult patients in the intensive care unit
(ICU), including guidelines for correcting specific electrolyte disorders, is reviewed …