The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that
cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal …

Networks of signal transducers determine the conversion of environmental cues into cellular
actions. Among the main players in these networks are protein kinases, which can acutely …

In addition to powering energy needs of the cell, mitochondria function as pivotal integrators
of cell survival/death signals. In recent years, numerous studies indicate that each of the …

The sodium-calcium exchanger, NCX1, is a ubiquitously expressed membrane protein
essential in calcium homeostasis for many cells including those in mammalian heart and …

Muscle activity contributes to formation of the neuromuscular junction and affects muscle
metabolism and contractile properties through regulated gene expression. However, the …

Background Bidirectional communication between presynaptic and postsynaptic
components contribute to the homeostasis of the synapse. In the neuromuscular synapse …

The cyclic nucleotide monophosphates cAMP and cGMP play an essential role in many
signaling pathways. To analyze which proteins do interact with these second messenger …

The sympathetic nervous system regulates cardiac function through the activation of
adrenergic receptors (ARs). β1 and β2ARs are the primary sympathetic receptors in the …

Resveratrol (RVTL) is a flavonoid found in red wine and has been publicized heavily as an
anti-aging compound. Indeed, basic research confirms that although there is much hype in …

The clustering and maintenance of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at high density
in the postsynaptic membrane is a hallmark of the mammalian neuromuscular junction …