Dysfunctional dopamine (DA) signaling has been associated with a broad spectrum of
neuropsychiatric disorders, prompting investigations into how midbrain DA neuron …

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia has been highly influential in shaping
our current thinking about modeling the disease in animals. Based on the findings provided …

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons have diverse functions that can in part be explained by
their heterogeneity. Although molecularly distinct subtypes of DA neurons have been …

Effective approaches to neuropsychiatric disorders require detailed understanding of the
cellular composition and circuitry of the complex mammalian brain. Here, we present a …

Parkinson's disease is a widespread condition caused by the loss of midbrain neurons that
synthesize the neurotransmitter dopamine. Cells derived from the fetal midbrain can modify …

In pursuit of treating Parkinson's disease with cell replacement therapy, differentiated
induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are an ideal source of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) …

Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is the parent compound of a family of natural and synthetic
compounds, the retinoids. Retinoids regulate gene transcription in numerous cells and …

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral midbrain (VM) play vital roles in the regulation of
voluntary movement, emotion and reward. They are divided into the A8, A9 and A10 …

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of substantia nigra in the midbrain control voluntary movement,
and their degeneration is the cause of Parkinson's disease. The complete set of genes …

Dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral mesodiencephalon are essential for the control
of voluntary movement and the regulation of emotion, and are severely affected in …