Chitinases are present in diverse form of organisms from bacteria, fungi, insects, plants.
Plant chitinases are part of pathogenesis-related proteins. When plant (host) cells are under …

Plants have evolved a family of unique membrane receptor kinases to orchestrate the
growth and development of their cells, tissues, and organs. Receptor kinases also form the …

Surface polysaccharides are important for bacterial interactions with multicellular organisms,
and some are virulence factors in pathogens. In the legume–rhizobium symbiosis, bacterial …

The ability of root cells to distinguish mutualistic microbes from pathogens is crucial for
plants that allow symbiotic microorganisms to infect and colonize their internal root tissues …

Bacterial cells are encased in a peptidoglycan (PG) exoskeleton that protects them from
osmotic lysis and specifies their distinct shapes. Cell wall hydrolases are required to enlarge …

The bacterial cell wall is composed of a highly crosslinked matrix of glycopeptide polymers
known as peptidoglycan that dictates bacterial cell morphology and protects against …

We discovered that Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), a ubiquitous commensal bacterium,
and its secreted peptidoglycan hydrolase (SagA) were sufficient to enhance intestinal barrier …

Chitin is the major component of fungal cell wall and serves as a molecular pattern that can
be recognized by the receptor OsCEBiP in rice, a lysine motif (LysM) receptor-like protein …

Chitin, a linear polymer of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and chitosans, fully or partially
deacetylated derivatives of chitin, are known to elicit defense reactions in higher plants. We …

Background The ability to establish root nodule symbioses is restricted to four different plant
orders. Soil actinobacteria of the genus Frankia can establish a symbiotic relationship with a …