Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an essential role during vertebrate embryonic
development and tumorigenesis. It is already known that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is …

The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates normal cell growth and differentiation. As a
consequence of improper control, aberrant HH signaling results in tumorigenesis and …

As the greatest defense organ of the body, the skin is exposed to endogenous and external
stressors that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). When the antioxidant system of the …

Abstract Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling
between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with …

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and PDGF receptors have important
functions in the regulation of growth and survival of certain cell types during embryonal …

Solar radiation induces acute and chronic reactions in human and animal skin. Chronic
repeated exposures are the primary cause of benign and malignant skin tumors, including …

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) were essentially a molecular'black box'until some 12 years
ago, when identification of a genetic flaw in a rare subset of patients who have a great …

Hedgehog signaling is aberrantly activated in glioma, medulloblastoma, basal cell
carcinoma, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast …

The Hedgehog signalling pathway is essential for numerous processes during embryonic
development. Members of this family of secreted proteins control cell proliferation …

Neural stem cells exist in the developing and adult nervous systems of all mammals, but the
basic mechanisms that control their behavior are not yet well understood. Here, we …