Near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is gaining clinical acceptance over the last years
and has been used for detection of lymph nodes, several tumor types, vital structures and …

With the widespread introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the incidence of
iatrogenic main bile duct lesions has significantly increased, with incidences ranging from …

Objective: To establish consensus recommendations for the use of fluorescence imaging
with indocyanine green (ICG) in hepatobiliary surgery. Background: ICG fluorescence …

Background: Incisionless near-infrared fluorescent cholangiography (NIFC) is emerging as a
promising tool to enhance the visualization of extrahepatic biliary structures during …

Background Since the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), a substantial
increase in bile duct injury (BDI) incidence was noted. Multiple methods to prevent this …

Background Near-infrared imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has been extensively
investigated during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). However, methods vary between …

Background Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy may necessitate biliary imaging, and non-
invasive fluorescence cholangiography may have advantages over contrast X-ray …

Background: Fluorescence cholangiography using indocyanine green (ICG) can enhance
orientation of bile duct anatomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To ensure clear …

Introduction Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRF-C) is a popular application
of fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS). NIRF-C requires near-infrared optimized …

Background Though often only briefly described in the literature, there are clearly factors that
have an influence on the fluorescence intensity, and thereby the usefulness of the …