Simple Summary There is a rising demand for food security in the face of threats posed by a
growing human population. Bees as an insect play a crucial role in crop pollination …

Approximately 25 years ago, ecologists became increasingly interested in the question of
whether ongoing biodiversity loss matters for the functioning of ecosystems. As such, a new …

BACKGROUND The species richness of wild bees and other pollinators has declined over
the past 50 years, with some species undergoing major declines and a few going extinct …

Wild and managed bees are well documented as effective pollinators of global crops of
economic importance. However, the contributions by pollinators other than bees have been …

Managed bees are critical for crop pollination worldwide. As the demand for pollinator-
dependent crops increases, so does the use of managed bees. Concern has arisen that …

Human land use threatens global biodiversity and compromises multiple ecosystem
functions critical to food production. Whether crop yield–related ecosystem services can be …

The honeybee is the primary managed species worldwide for both crop pollination and
honey production. Owing to beekeeping activity, its high relative abundance potentially …

Deficits in insect-mediated pollination service undermine ecosystem biodiversity and
function, human nutrition, and economic welfare. Global pollinator supply continues to …

Biodiversity loss during the Anthropocene is a serious ecological challenge. Pollinators are
important vectors that provide multiple essential ecosystem services but are declining …

BACKGROUND Neonicotinoid insecticides have been identified as an important factor
contributing to bee diversity declines. Nonetheless, uncertainties remain about their impact …