The book aims to integrate our understanding of mammalian societies into a novel synthesis
that is relevant to behavioural ecologists, ecologists, and anthropologists. It adopts a …

The Primate Origins of Human Nature (Volume 3 in The Foundations of Human Biology
series) blends several elements from evolutionary biology as applied to primate behavioral …

Traditional neo-Darwinism ascribes geographical variation in morphology or in behaviour to
varying selection on local genotypes. However, mobile and long-lived organisms cannot …

Among extant great apes, orangutans are considered the most sexually dimorphic in body
size. However, the expression of sexual dimorphism in orangutans is more complex than …

Male orangutans (Pongo spp.) exhibit bimaturism, an alternative reproductive tactic, with
flanged and unflanged males displaying two distinct morphological and behavioral …

In many slowly developing mammal species, males reach sexual maturity well before they
develop secondary sexual characteristics. Sexually mature male orangutans have …

Sexual coercion, in the form of forced copulations, is relatively frequently observed in
orangutans and generally attributed to their semi-solitary lifestyle. High ecological costs of …

Introduction The presence of two sexually active male morphs with different reproductive
tactics in a single species is rare among mammals. The most striking case of bimaturism …

The social and mating systems of orangutans, one of our closest relatives, remain poorly
understood. Orangutans (Pongo spp.) are highly sexually dimorphic and females are …

In many solitary mammalian species, females live alone in relatively small home ranges
whereas males roam widely and converge around, and compete for matings with fertile …