In addition to determining biological sex, sex hormones are known to influence health and
disease via regulation of immune cell activities and modulation of target-organ susceptibility …

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplastic disease in women around
menopause often leading to a significant reduction of these women's ability to function …

Excess body adiposity, commonly expressed as body mass index (BMI), is a risk factor for
many common adult cancers. Over the past decade, epidemiological data have shown that …

The number of cancer cases caused by being obese is estimated to be 20% with the
increased risk of malignancies being influenced by diet, weight change, and body fat …

There is currently accumulating evidence that endogenous estrogens play a critical role in
the development of breast cancer. Estrogens and their metabolites have been studied in …

Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Breast Cancer | New England Journal of Medicine Skip to main
content The New England Journal of Medicine homepage Advanced Search SEARCH …

Current knowledge is insufficient to explain why only a proportion of individuals exposed to
environmental carcinogens or carrying a genetic predisposition to cancer develop disease …

Background Associations between circulating concentrations of oestrogens, progesterone,
and androgens with breast cancer and related risk factors in premenopausal women are not …

Diabetes mellitus has been associated with an increased risk of several types of cancers,
but its relationship with breast cancer remains unclear. We conducted a meta‐analysis of …

Previous studies have demonstrated that androgen receptor is expressed in many breast
cancers, but its expression in relation to the various breast cancer subtypes as defined by …