Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (known as Chuanxiong in China, CX) is one of the most widely
used and long-standing medicinal herbs in China. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the foremost type of dementia that afflicts considerable morbidity
and mortality in aged population. Several transcription molecules, pathways, and molecular …

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a clinical syndrome that encompasses all forms of
cognitive deficits caused by cerebrovascular disease, from mild cognitive impairment to …

Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is common neurodegenerative disease where
oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in its progression …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a progressive renal complication which significantly affects the
patient's life with huge economic burden. Untreated acute kidney injury eventually …

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a neurodegenerative disease, with cognitive dysfunction
attributable to cerebrovascular factors. At present, it is the second most frequently occurring …

Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury is the most common and serious side effect, sometimes
requiring discontinuation of the treatment. Thus, the development of new protective …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by
progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons that results in skeletal muscle atrophy …

The recent advances of tetramethylpyrazine nitrones and quinolylnitrones for the treatment
of stroke have been reviewed and compared with other agents, showing promising …

Hippocampal neuron death is a key factor in vascular dementia (VD) induced by chronic
cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a multiple-effects drug …