Phosphoinositides (PIs) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they
control almost all aspects of a cell's life and death. These lipids gained tremendous research …

The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) act as switches that
regulate information processing circuits connecting cell surface receptors to a variety of …

Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) is a protein‐serine kinase implicated in the hormonal
control of several regulatory proteins including glycogen synthase and the transcription …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative and attractive modality for the treatment of
small and superficial tumours. PDT, as a multi-modality treatment procedure, requires both a …

Abstract Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate is a second messenger which regulates intracellular
calcium both by mobilizing calcium from internal stores and, perhaps indirectly, by …

Growth factors, a diverse group of polypeptides that modify cell proliferation, constitute a
distinct subgroup in endocrinology. The biology of these factors differs somewhat from …

▪ Abstract Eleven distinct isoforms of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC),
which are grouped into four subfamilies (β, γ, δ, and∍), have been identified in mammals …

The C2 domain is a Ca2+‐binding motif of approximately 130 residues in length originally
identified in the Ca2+‐dependent isoforms of protein kinase C. Single and multiple copies of …

Src homology (SH) regions 2 and 3 are noncatalytic domains that are conserved among a
series of cytoplasmic signaling proteins regulated by receptor protein-tyrosine kinases …

A vast amount of protein sequence data accumulated over recent years has revealed that
protein modules are widespread in nature. Many intracellular and extracellular proteins …