T lymphocytes, the major effector cells in cellular immunity, produce cytokines in immune
responses to mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. Work in the …

Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis.
Experimental studies have shown that 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates …

The molecular mechanisms governing orderly shutdown and retraction of CD4+ type 1
helper T (TH1) cell responses remain poorly understood. Here we show that complement …

The cytokine IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory mediator ensuring protection of a host from
over-exuberant responses to pathogens and microbiota, while playing important roles in …

Purpose Older adults are more likely to be vitamin D deficient. The aim of the study was to
determine whether these patients have worse outcomes with COVID-19. Methods We …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are a small subset of immune cells that are dedicated to
curbing excessive immune activation and maintaining immune homeostasis. Accordingly …

Bile acids are a group of chemically different steroids generated at the host/microbial
interface. Indeed, while primary bile acids are the end-product of cholesterol breakdown in …

Thirty years ago, one of the first types of CD4+ T regulatory cells was discovered and named
T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells. Tr1 cells represent a distinct population of T cells, which are …

Vitamin D has been reported to influence physiological systems that extend far beyond its
established functions in calcium and bone homeostasis. Prominent amongst these are the …

The anti‐inflammatory master regulator IL‐10 is critical to protect the host from tissue
damage during acute phases of immune responses. This regulatory mechanism, central to T …