It is now well established that plants have an important place in studies of sex chromosome
evolution because of the repeated independent evolution of separate sexes and sex …

Dioecy (separate male and female individuals) ensures outcrossing and is more prevalent in
animals than in plants. Although it is common in bryophytes and gymnosperms, only 5% of …

Wind pollination is thought to have evolved in response to selection for mechanisms to
promote pollination success, when animal pollinators become scarce or unreliable. We …

Abstract Background and Aims Male-biased sex allocation commonly occurs in wind-
pollinated hermaphroditic plants, and is often positively associated with size, notably in …

Premise Plants with separate sexes often show “inconstant” or “leaky” sex expression, with
females or males producing a few flowers of the opposite sex. The frequency and degree of …

Tapiscia sinensis, a rare endemic woody plant with both male and hermaphrodite
individuals, is distributed in southern China. Whether T. sinensis is functionally …

Dioecy has often broken down in flowering plants, yielding functional hermaphroditism. We
reasoned that evolutionary transitions from dioecy to functional hermaphroditism must …

Plants are notoriously variable in gender, ranging in sex allocation from purely male through
hermaphrodite to purely female. This variation can have both a genetic and an adaptive …

Background and aims Changes in the sex allocation (ie in pollen versus seed production) of
hermaphroditic plants often occur in response to the environment. In some homosporous …

Abstract Background and Aims Polyploidy has played a major role in the origin of new plant
species, probably because of the expansion of polyploid populations in the species' …