Insulin plays a range of roles as an anabolic hormone in peripheral tissues. It regulates
glucose metabolism, stimulates glucose transport into cells and suppresses hepatic glucose …

Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present
in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a …

Most human cells utilize glucose as the primary substrate, cellular uptake requiring insulin.
Insulin signaling is therefore critical for these tissues. However, decrease in insulin …

Many approaches have been used in the effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A recent paradigm shift has focused on the role of adipose tissues in the development and …

Impaired mitochondrial respiratory activity contributes to the development of insulin
resistance in type 2 diabetes. Metformin, a first-line antidiabetic drug, functions mainly by …

The epidemic nature of diabetes mellitus in different regions is reviewed. The Middle East
and North Africa region has the highest prevalence of diabetes in adults (10.9%) whereas …

Cancer is driven by incremental changes that accumulate, eventually leading to oncogenic
transformation. Although genetic alterations dominate the way cancer biologists think about …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) represents worldwide public health issue characterized by a set of
cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and …

Background The brain was once thought of as an insulin-insensitive organ. We now know
that the insulin receptor is present throughout the brain and serves important functions in …

Biological energy transduction underlies all physiological phenomena in cells. The
metabolic systems that support energy transduction have been of great interest due to their …