Cancer is now considered a tumor microenvironment (TME) disease, although it was
originally thought to be a cell and gene expression disorder. Over the past 20 years …

Tumor immune escape is an important strategy of tumor survival. There are many
mechanisms of tumor immune escape, including immunosuppression, which has become a …

Despite success in hematologic malignancies, the treatment landscape of chimeric antigen
receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for solid tumors remains limited. Claudin18. 2 (CLDN18. 2) …

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death in patients with gynecological
malignancy. Despite optimal cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy …

Abstract Checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligands (PD-Ls)
have been identified as negative immunoregulatory molecules that promote immune …

Natural killer (NK) cells can induce an antigen-independent immune response against
malignant cells. A growing number of scientific reports and clinical studies have shown …

HIV infection induces phenotypic and functional changes to CD8+ T cells defined by the
coordinated upregulation of a series of negative checkpoint receptors that eventually result …

Immune checkpoint molecules are promising anticancer targets, among which therapeutic
antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been widely applied to cancer treatment …

Natural killer (NK) cells are potential effector cells in cell-based cancer immunotherapy,
particularly in the control of hematological malignancies. The chimeric antigen receptor …

Emerging evidences show that changes in tumor stroma can adapt cancer cells to
radiotherapy, thereby leading to a reduction in tumor response to treatment. On the other …