Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis in plants and algae and, by extension, are
essential for most life on Earth. Their maintenance is costly and complex due to the inherent …

The chloroplast is a complex cellular organelle that not only performs photosynthesis but
also synthesizes amino acids, lipids, and phytohormones. Nuclear and chloroplast genetic …

Introduction Plants employ intricate molecular mechanisms to respond to abiotic stresses,
which often lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within organelles …

Key message Chloroplast singlet oxygen initiates multiple pathways to control chloroplast
degradation, cell death, and nuclear gene expression. Abstract Chloroplasts can respond to …

The reactive oxygen species singlet oxygen, 1O2, has an extremely short half-life, yet is
intimately involved with stress signalling in the cell. We previously showed that the effects of …

Despite its rich content, iron bioavailability from leafy greens is low relative to protoporphyrin-
bound (eg heme) iron, richest in red meat. We hypothesized that combinations of novel food …

Photosynthesis is an essential process that plants must regulate to survive in dynamic
environments. Thus, chloroplasts (the sites of photosynthesis in plant and algae cells) use …

As sessile organisms, plants have evolved complex signaling mechanisms to sense stress
and acclimate. This includes the use of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during …

To clarify the wintering ability of the cactus Nopalea cochenillifera cv. Maya (edible Opuntia
sp., common name “Kasugai Saboten”), we investigated the effects of temperature and …

In response to environmental stress, chloroplasts generate reactive oxygen species,
including singlet oxygen (1 O 2), which regulates nuclear gene expression (retrograde …