Proline, glutamine, asparagine, and arginine are conditionally non-essential amino acids
that can be produced in our body. However, they are essential for the growth of highly …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-cannibalization process commonly found in
all eukaryotic cells. Through autophagy, long-lived or damaged organelles, superfluous …

Pancreatic cancer, characterized by a dismal prognosis and limited treatment options,
persists as a formidable challenge in oncology. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) …

Recently, there has been renewed interest in metabolic therapy for cancer, particularly in
amino acid deprivation by enzymes. L-asparaginase was approved for the treatment of …

The hallmarks of tumor tissue are not only genetic aberrations but also the presence of
metabolic and oxidative stress as a result of hypoxia and lactic acidosis. The stress activates …

Autophagy, a self-digestion intracellular catabolic process, plays a crucial role in cellular
homeostasis under conditions of starvation, oxidative stress and genotoxic stress. The …

Nutrient bioavailability in the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor
proliferation and metastasis. Among these nutrients, glutamine is a key substance that …

During the last decade, inhibitors targeting immune checkpoint programmed death ligand
1/PD-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 have been one of the most …

L-asparaginases, which are oncolytic enzymes, have been used in clinical applications for
many years. These enzymes are also important in food processing industry due to their …

Asparaginase has been traditionally applied for only treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia
due to its ability to deplete asparagine. However, its ultimate anticancer potential for treating …