Understanding the factors that influence T helper 1 (TH1)-and TH2-cell responses has been
one of the main focuses of immunology for almost 20 years. Whereas the central role of …

Laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits may harbor a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and
fungal agents. Frequently, these organisms cause no overt signs of disease. However, many …

A novel sequence discovered in a computational screen appears distantly related to the p35
subunit of IL-12. This factor, which we term p19, shows no biological activity by itself; …

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine that shares the identical p40 subunit as IL-12
but exhibits a unique p19 subunit similar to IL-12 p35. IL-12/23 p40, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and …

Publisher Summary Although interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been discovered only relatively
recently, a remarkable level of knowledge has been obtained for this cytokine, and many …

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that results from a systemic response of the host to an
infection. Activation of inflammatory pathways, including the cytokine network, is considered …

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that is secreted in correlation with total body lipid
stores. Serum leptin levels are lowered by the loss of body fat mass that would accompany …

The implementation of infection models that approximate human disease is essential for
understanding pathogenesis at the molecular level and for testing new therapies before they …

It has long been known that people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) not only may develop
physical dependence but also may experience devastating long-term health problems. The …

Sepsis results in a state of relative immunosuppression, rendering critically ill patients
susceptible to secondary infections and increased mortality. Monocytes isolated from septic …