Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, and we, as machine
learning (ML) experts, may wonder how we can help. Here we describe how ML can be a …

Abstract Purpose of Review The changes or updates in ocean biogeochemistry component
have been mapped between CMIP5 and CMIP6 model versions, and an assessment made …

This study presents the global climate model IPSL‐CM6A‐LR developed at Institut Pierre‐
Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

We document the development of the first version of the UK Earth System Model UKESM1.
The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2‐ES, with …

The sixth version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC), called
MIROC6, was cooperatively developed by a Japanese modeling community. In the present …

Working Group I (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assesses
the current evidence on the physical science of climate change, evaluating knowledge …

This paper describes the main characteristics of CNRM‐CM6‐1, the fully coupled
atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model of sixth generation jointly developed by …

This work documents the first version of the US Department of Energy (DOE) new Energy
Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1). We focus on the standard resolution of the fully …

In the atmosphere, microphysics refers to the microscale processes that affect cloud and
precipitation particles and is a key linkage among the various components of Earth's …