We now know that cancer is many different diseases, with great variation even within a
single histological subtype. With the current emphasis on developing personalized …

The incidence and mortality of various cancers are associated with sex-specific disparities.
Sex differences in cancer epidemiology are one of the most significant findings. Men are …

Despite their known importance in clinical medicine, differences based on sex and gender
are among the least studied factors affecting cancer susceptibility, progression, survival, and …

Cancer is often considered a genetic disease. However, much of the enormous plasticity of
cancer cells to evolve different phenotypes, to adapt to challenging microenvironments and …

The gender difference in cancer susceptibility is one of the most consistent findings in
cancer epidemiology. Hematologic malignancies are generally more common in males and …

The p53 tumor suppressor is a key transcription factor regulating cellular pathways such as
DNA repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and senescence. It acts as an important …

A large amount of data is available on the functional impact of missense mutations in TP53
and on mutation patterns in many different cancers. New data on mutant p53 protein …

The p53 pathway has been shown to mediate cellular stress responses; p53 can initiate
DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, senescence and, importantly, apoptosis. These responses …

The normal functioning of p53 is a potent barrier to cancer. Tumour-associated mutations in
TP53, typically single nucleotide substitutions in the coding sequence, are a hallmark of …

Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is a critical negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53,
playing a key role in controlling its transcriptional activity, protein stability, and nuclear …