Low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience the majority of traumatic brain
injuries (TBIs), yet few studies have examined the epidemiology and management strategies …

Disorders of tonicity, hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia, are common in neurosurgical
patients. Tonicity is sensed by the circumventricular organs while the volume state is sensed …

Textbook of Critical Care, by Drs. Jean-Louis Vincent, Edward Abraham, Frederick A. Moore,
Patrick Kochanek, and Mitchell P. Fink, remains your best source on effective management …

Purpose of review The purposes of this narrative review are to (1) summarize a
contemporary view of cerebral edema pathophysiology,(2) present a synopsis of current …

Acute brain injuries pose a great threat to global health, having significant impact on
mortality and disability. Patients with acute brain injury may develop distant organ failure …

Objective Traumatic brain injury has different pathophysiology and outcomes in children and
adults. This study investigated the relationship between clinical and laboratory findings at …

Vasopressin is a peptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and released from the
posterior pituitary. Secretion of vasopressin is followed by activation of its receptors V1a …

Traumatic injury results in drastic changes to a patient's normal physiology. The hormonal
stress response, as well as some treatment strategies, lead to significant disruptions in …

Background To explore the underlying mechanisms leading to the occurrence of
hyponatremia and enhanced urinary sodium excretion in brain trauma patients using …

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of electrolyte
imbalance in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) who underwent …